From Wikipedia"
Schnellboot or S-boot ("fast craft") is the designation for Motor Torpedo Boats of the German Navy since 1932. In particular it applies to that type of Boat that saw service during World War II. The Schnellboot was then called an E-boat by the Allies; it is commonly held that the "E" stood for "Enemy" , but it is possible that it stood for "Eilboot" ("hurry boat").
The
S-boot was better suited to the open sea and had substantially longer
range (approximately 700 nautical miles) than the American PT boat and the British Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB). As a result the Royal Navy developed many later versions of MTBs using the Fairmile 'D' hull design.
As a result of the Treaty of Versailles,
Germany's military production was severely curtailed. Small patrol
craft, however, were not subject to any strictures. The S-boote can
trace their lineage back to a private motor yacht—a 22-ton-displacement, 34-knot craft called Oheka II, which had been built in 1927 for a wealthy financier and patron of the arts, Otto Kahn, by the German shipbuilding company Lürssen.
This design was chosen because the theatre of operations of such boats was expected to be the North Sea, English Channel and the Western Approaches.
The requirement for good performance in rough seas dictated the use of
a round-bottomed displacement hull rather than the flat-bottomed
planing hull that was more usual for small, high-speed boats. Lürssen
overcame many of the disadvantages of such a hull and, with the Oheka
II, produced a craft that was fast, strong and seaworthy. This
attracted the interest of the German Navy, which in 1929 ordered a
similar boat but fitted with two torpedo tubes. This became the S-1,
and was the basis for all subsequent S-boote.
After
experimenting with the S-1 the Germans made several improvements to
the design. Small rudders added on either side of the main rudder could
be angled outboard to 30 degrees, creating at high speed what's known
as the Lürssen Effect.
This drew in an "air pocket slightly behind the three propellers,
increasing their efficiency, reducing the stern wave and keeping the
boat at a nearly horizontal attitude".
This was an important innovation as the horizontal attitude lifted the
stern somewhat, allowing even greater speed, and the reduced stern
wave made S-boats harder to see, especially at night.
S-boote were often used to patrol the Baltic Sea
and the English Channel in order to intercept shipping heading for the
English ports in the south and east. As such, they were up against Royal Navy and Commonwealth (particularly Royal Canadian Navy contingents leading up to D-Day), Motor Gun Boats (MGBs), Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs), Motor Launches, frigates and destroyers.
They were also transferred in small numbers to the Mediterranean, and
the Black Sea by river and land transport. Some small S-Boote were
built as longboats for auxiliary cruisers.
Crew members could earn an award particular to their work—Das Schnellbootkriegsabzeichen—denoted
by a badge depicting an S-boot passing through a wreath. The criteria
were good conduct, distinction in action, and participating in at least
twelve enemy actions. It was also awarded for particularly successful
missions, displays of leadership or being killed in action. It could be
awarded under special circumstances, such as when another decoration
was not suitable.
Schnellboots of the 9th flotilla were the first naval units to respond to the invasion fleet of Operation Overlord. They left Cherbourg harbour at 5am on 6 June 1944.
On finding themselves confronted by the entire invasion fleet, they
fired their torpedoes at maximum range and returned to Cherbourg.
During World War II the S-boote sank 101 merchant ships totalling 214,728 tons.
In addition, they sank 12 destroyers, 11 minesweepers, eight landing
ships, six MTBs, a torpedo boat, a minelayer, one submarine and a number
of small merchant craft. They also damaged two cruisers, five
destroyers, three landing ships, a repair ship, a naval tug and numerous
merchant vessels. Sea mines
laid by the 'S-boote' were responsible for the loss of 37 merchant
ships totalling 148,535 tons, a destroyer, two minesweepers and four
landing ships.
In recognition of their service, the members of Schnellboot crews were awarded the Knight's Cross on 23 occasions, and the German Cross in Gold on 112 occasions.
At
the end of the war about 34 S-boats were surrendered to the British.
Three boats, S-130 (renamed P5230), S-208 (P5208) and S-212 (P5212)
were retained for trials.
Between 1949 and 1956, Operation Jungle, a joint operation of MI6, the CIA, and the Gehlen Organization to insert agents into the Baltic states and Poland by sea, was established. Royal Navy Commander Anthony Courtney was struck by the potential capabilities of former E-boat hulls, and John Harvey-Jones of the Naval Intelligence Division
was put in charge of the project. He discovered that the Royal Navy
still had two E-boats, P5230 and P5208, and had them sent to Portsmouth,
where one of them, P5230 (S130), was modified to reduce its weight and
increase its power with the installation of three Napier Deltic engines of 3000hp. In the interests of deniability,
a former German E-boat captain, Helmut Klose, and a German crew were
recruited to man the E-boat. They operated under the cover of the British Control Commission's
Fishery Protection Service, which was responsible for preventing
Soviet navy vessels from interfering with German fishing boats and for
destroying stray mines.
The
Kriegsmarine supplied the Spanish Navy with six S-boats during the
Second World War. Another six were built in Spain with some assistance
from Lürssen. The German-built boats were discarded in the 1960s, while
some of the Spanish-built ones served until the early 1970s.
The only surviving S-boat is the S-130. Built as hull No.1030 at the Schlichting boatyard in Travemünde, S-130 was commissioned on October 21, 1943 and took an active part in the war, participating in the Exercise Tiger attack and attacks on the D-day invasion fleet. Post World War 2, she was taken on by the Royal Navy, who used the ship during the Cold War to annoy the Soviet navy and land spies behind the Iron Curtain.
For some time, this vessel was privately owned but in the care of the British Military Powerboat Trust in Southampton, England. Due to the financial burden, S-97 was scrapped and the BMPT made at least one unsuccessful attempt to sell S-130 on eBay.
Now a virtual shell, S-130 was bought for £1 and is set to undergo a £3,000,000 restoration at the Southdown yard in Cornwall, England.
Hi
ReplyDeleteLooks good.
Powerful, stylish and well-armed, high-speed boat
Here is a one tip:
ReplyDeleteRevell 1/72 German Deutsches U-Boot Type VII C (fifth page) / by Emre İlter
The British liked them too whenever they captured one.
ReplyDeleteMuy Bonita. Me encantaria tenrr loss planos pata hacerlo en papel o madera
ReplyDeleteGracias