Here are some images of Dragon's 1/6 scale Willys MB 1/4 Ton 4x4 Jeep.
From Wikipedia"
The Willys MB (commonly known as a Jeep, formally as the U.S. Army Truck, 1/4 ton, 4x4) and the Ford GPW are four-wheel drive utility vehicles that were manufactured during World War II. Produced from 1941 to 1945, it evolved post-war into the civilian Jeep CJ, and inspired both an entire category of recreational 4WDs and several generations of military light utility vehicles.
Advances in early 20th-century technology resulted in widespread mechanisation of the military during World War I. The United States Army deployed four-wheel drive trucks in that war, supplied by Four Wheel Drive Auto (FWD) and the Thomas B. Jeffery Company. By the eve of World War II the United States Department of War had determined it needed a light, cross-country reconnaissance vehicle.
Anxious to have one in time for America's entry into World War II,
the U.S. Army solicited proposals from domestic automobile manufacturers
for a replacement for its existing, aging light motor vehicles, mainly motorcycles and sidecars, and some Ford Model T's. Marmon-Herrington presented five 4×4 Fords in 1937, and American Bantam delivered three Austin roadsters in 1938.
Recognizing the need to create standard specifications, the Army
formalized its requirements on July 11, 1940, and submitted them to 135
U.S. automotive manufacturers.
By now the war was under way in Europe, so the Army's need was urgent
and demanding: Bids were to be received by July 22, a span of just
eleven days. Manufacturers were given 49 days to submit their first prototype
and 75 days for completion of 70 test vehicles. The Army's Ordnance
Technical Committee specifications were equally demanding: the vehicle
would be four-wheel drive,
have a crew of three on a wheelbase of no more than 75 in (1,905 mm) –
that was later upped to 80 in (2,032 mm) – and tracks no more than 47 in
(1,194 mm), feature a fold-down windshield, 660 lb (299 kg) payload and
be powered by an engine capable of 85 lb·ft (115 N·m) of torque. The
most daunting demand, however, was an empty weight of no more than
1,300 lb (590 kg).
Initially, only two companies entered: American Bantam Car Company and Willys-Overland Motors; Ford Motor Company joined the competition later.
Though Willys-Overland was the low bidder, Bantam received the bid,
being the only company committing to deliver a pilot model in 49 days
and production examples in 75. Under the leadership of designer Karl Probst,
Bantam built their first prototype, dubbed the "Blitz Buggy" (and in
retrospect "Old Number One"), and delivered it to the Army vehicle test
center at Camp Holabird, Maryland on September 23, 1940. This presented
Army officials with the first of what eventually evolved into the World War II U.S. Army Jeeps: the Willys MB and Ford GPW.
Since Bantam did not have the production capacity or fiscal stability
to deliver on the scale needed by the War Department, the other two
bidders, Ford and Willys, were encouraged to complete their own pilot
models for testing. The contract for the new reconnaissance car was to
be determined by trials. As testing of the Bantam prototype took place
from September 27 to October 16, Ford and Willys technical
representatives present at Holabird were given ample opportunity to
study the vehicle's performance. Moreover, in order to expedite
production, the War Department forwarded the Bantam blueprints to Ford
and Willys, claiming the government owned the design. Bantam did not
dispute this move due to its precarious financial situation. By November
1940, Ford and Willys each submitted prototypes to compete with the
Bantam in the Army's trials. The pilot models, the Willys Quad and the Ford Pygmy, turned out very similar to each other and were joined in testing by Bantam's entry, now evolved into a Mark II called the BRC 60.
By then the U.S. and its armed forces were already under such pressure
that all three cars were declared acceptable and orders for 1,500 units per
company were given for field testing. At this time it was acknowledged
the original weight limit (which Bantam had ignored) was unrealistic,
and it was raised to 2,160 lb (980 kg).
For these respective pre-production runs, each vehicle received
revisions and a new name. Bantam's became the BRC 40. Production began
on March 31, 1941, with a total of 2,605 built up to December 6.
As the company could not meet the Army's demand for 75 Jeeps a day,
production contracts were also awarded to Willys and to Ford.
After reducing the vehicle's weight by 240 pounds, Willys changed the designation to "MA" for "Military" model "A". The Fords went into production as "GP", with "G" for a "Government" type contract and "P" commonly used by Ford to designate any passenger car with a wheelbase of 80 in (2,032 mm).
By July 1941, the War Department desired to standardize and decided
to select a single manufacturer to supply them with the next order for
16,000 vehicles. Willys won the contract mostly due to its more powerful
engine (the "Go Devil"),
which soldiers raved about, and its lower cost and silhouette. The
design features in the Bantam and Ford entries which represented an
improvement over Willys's design were then incorporated into the Willys
car, moving it from an "A" designation to "B", thus the "MB" nomenclature. Most notable was a flat wide hood, adapted from Ford GP.
By October 1941, it became apparent Willys-Overland could not keep up
with the production demand and Ford was contracted to produce them as
well. The Ford car was then designated GPW, with the "W"
referring to the "Willys" licensed design. During World War II, Willys
produced 363,000 Jeeps and Ford some 280,000. Approximately 51,000 were
exported to the U.S.S.R. under the Lend-Lease program.
A further roughly 13,000 amphibian jeeps were built by Ford under the name GPA (nicknamed "Seep" for Sea Jeep). Inspired by the larger DUKW, the vehicle was produced too quickly and proved to be too heavy, too unwieldy, and of insufficient freeboard. In spite of participating successfully in the Sicily landings
in July 1943, most GPAs were routed to the U.S.S.R. under the
Lend-Lease program. The Soviets were sufficiently pleased with its
ability to cross rivers to develop their own version of it after the
war, the GAZ-46.
One account of the origin of the term "jeep" begins when the
prototypes were being proven at military bases. The term "jeep" was used
by Army mechanics for any untried or untested vehicles.
"Jeep" was also used for several types of heavier equipment. In the
armor branch, "jeep" generally referred to a 1/2 or 3/4 ton truck, with
the 1/4 ton called a "peep." The militarized Minneapolis-Moline tractor
was known as a "jeep," named for the cartoon character. Finally, heavy
equipment transporters -gooseneck lowbed trucks for oversize, overweight
cargoes, were known as "jeeps" by 1940.
Although folk etymology claims it due to slurring of an unused
acronym, "GP" for "General Purpose", a more likely part of the jeep name
came from the fact that the vehicle made quite an impression on
soldiers at the time, so much so that they informally named it after Eugene the Jeep, a character in the Popeye comic strip and cartoons created by E. C. Segar
as early as mid-March 1936. Eugene the Jeep was Popeye's "jungle pet"
and was "small, able to move between dimensions and could solve
seemingly impossible problems".
In early 1941, Willys-Overland staged a press event in Washington,
D.C., having the car demonstrate its prowess by driving up the Capitol
steps. Irving "Red" Hausmann, a test driver on the Willys development
team who had accompanied the car for its testing at Camp Holabird, had
heard soldiers there referring to it as a jeep. He was enlisted to go to
the event and give a demonstration ride to a group of dignitaries,
including Katherine Hillyer, a reporter for the Washington Daily News.
When asked by the reporter, Hausmann said "it's a Jeep". Hillyer's
article appeared in the newspaper on February 20, 1941, with a photo
showing a jeep going up the Capitol steps and a caption including the
term "jeep". This is believed to be the most likely cause of the term
being fixed in public awareness. Even though Hausmann did not create or
invent the word "Jeep", he very well could be the one most responsible
for its first news media usage.
Willys made its first 25,000 MB Jeeps with a welded flat iron "slat"
radiator grille. It was Ford who first designed and implemented the now
familiar and distinctive stamped, vertical-slot steel grille into its
Jeep vehicles, which was lighter, used fewer resources, and was less
costly to produce. Along with many other design features innovated by
Ford, this was adopted by Willys and implemented into the standard World
War II Jeep by April 1942.
In order to be able to get their grille design trademarked, Willys
gave their post-war jeeps seven slots instead of the original Ford
nine-slot design. Through a series of corporate takeovers and mergers, AM General Corporation ended up with the rights to use the seven-slot grille as well, which they in turn extended to Chrysler when it acquired American Motors Corporation, then manufacturer of Jeep, in 1987.
ReplyDeleteHappy New Year!
And a Happy New year to you as well Maximex!
ReplyDeleteTrying to rebuild and reimage the tm 9-803 manual. Could I use 4 pics to do so?
ReplyDeleteGo ahead.
ReplyDeleteBless You!
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