Fokker DR-1 (Lola!) From The Great Waldo Pepper.

Here are some images of Revells 1/28 scale Fokker DR.1 in the markings of LOLA! flown by the fictional Character Ernst Kessler (Udet?) excellently portrayed by Bo Brundin from the Movie "The Great Waldo Pepper" 1975.
To make this model into LOLA! I not only had to create my own decals but I had to scratch out a new tail skid, take out the front section of the cowling as well as extend it by 1/4 inch. The checker board and stripe patterns are mask painted.
The literal Translation of "Du doch nicht!!"  is "Not You!!" but it has more meaning to it. Imagine saying "not you" with a smirk and a laugh. Something like a "you and what army" feel to it. This saying was also on the stabilizer of Ernst Udet's aircraft during World War One.
As far as movies go "The Great Waldo Pepper" is a good movie. Not great, but good. However when one is a 10 year old boy it becomes one of the greatest movies ever.
I hope to make more models from this movie in the future.

From Wikipedia"
The Great Waldo Pepper is a 1975 American drama film directed, produced, and co-written by George Roy Hill. Set during 1926–1931, the film stars Robert Redford as a disaffected World War I veteran pilot who missed the opportunity to fly in combat, and examines his sense of postwar dislocation in 1920s America. The cast also includes Margot Kidder, Bo Svenson, Edward Herrmann and Susan Sarandon. The Great Waldo Pepper basically depicts barnstorming activity in the 1920s and the accidents that led to aviation regulations by the Air Commerce Act.

World War I veteran Waldo Pepper (Robert Redford) feels he has missed out on the glory of aerial combat after being made a flight instructor. After the war, Waldo had taken up barnstorming to make a living. He soon tangles with rival barnstormer (and fellow war veteran) Axel Olsson (Bo Svenson).
Antagonistic at first, Waldo and Axel become partners and try out various stunts. One of these stunts, a car-to-aircraft transfer, goes wrong and Waldo is nearly killed after Axel is unable to climb high enough to clear a barn, slamming Waldo into it. Waldo then goes home to Kansas to be with on-again, off-again girlfriend Maude (Kidder) and her family. Maude, however, is not happy to see Waldo at first; because every time he returns from a barnstorming tour of the country, he is injured in some way. Eventually, however, they make up and become lovers once again. Meanwhile, Maude's brother Ezra (Ed Herrmann), a long-time friend of Waldo's since boyhood, promises to build Waldo a high-performance monoplane as soon as he is well enough to fly it. Waldo's goal is to become the first pilot in history to successfully perform an outside loop, and Ezra feels Waldo can do it with the monoplane.
In the meantime, Waldo rejoins Axel. The two eventually get a job flying for a traveling flying circus owned by Doc Dillhoefer (Philip Bruns). However, Dillhoefer's Flying Circus is in a slump, as there is very little attendance at the shows. So in an effort to attract bigger crowds, Dillhoefer hires Mary Beth (Susan Sarandon) to act as the show's new sexual attraction, in which she would climb out on the wing of an aircraft in flight wearing shredded clothes, thus allowing the wind to blow them off. But while performing this new stunt for the first time, Mary Beth freezes up on the wing, afraid to return to the cockpit. As Waldo (who did a "plane-to-plane transfer" in flight to climb aboard Mary Beth's aircraft) extends his hand to help Mary Beth back into the cockpit, she slips and falls off the wing to her death. As a result of Mary Beth's death, Waldo, Axel, and Dillhoefer are temporarily grounded by an inspector of the newly formed Air Commerce division of the federal government, Newt Potts (Geoffrey Lewis), a man from Waldo's wartime past.
Soon after, at the Muncie Fair, another tragedy occurs with the Dillhoefer Circus when Ezra (flying in place of the grounded Waldo) attempts the outside loop in the monoplane. He crashes on his third attempt, and the crowd rushes out of the stands to see the wreckage. Some of the spectators are smoking as they watch Waldo struggle to free Ezra. One of the cigarettes is flicked into gas leaking from the aircraft, igniting it. Waldo, helpless against the flames, kills Ezra with a piece of lumber. Because no one helped Waldo try to save him, Waldo goes on a rampage, jumps in one of Dillhoefer's aircraft and begins buzzing the crowd away from the wreckage and ends up crashing into a carnival area, which leads to his permanent grounding.
But that does not stop Waldo from flying for long. Waldo goes to Hollywood where Axel is working as a stuntman, and Waldo and Axel get jobs as stunt pilots in an upcoming film depicting the air battles of the Great War. Axel is cleared of his grounding and reinstated as a pilot; but being permanently grounded, Waldo has to use an alias so that he can dodge his grounding and fly in the film. Famous German air ace Ernst Kessler (Bo Brundin) has also been hired by the producers, as a consultant and to fly a Fokker Dr. I replica in the film.
During filming of a famous wartime duel, Waldo in a Sopwith Camel and Kessler in the Fokker—although their aircraft are disarmed—begin dogfighting in deadly earnest, using their aircraft as weapons, repeatedly playing chicken and colliding with each other. Eventually, Waldo damages Kessler's aircraft so badly that it's no longer airworthy, and Kessler surrenders to Waldo. Waldo and Kessler then salute each other and fly their separate ways.
The Great Waldo Pepper was a "passion project" for director George Roy Hill, who was himself a pilot. He and William Goldman had what Goldman described as "a huge falling out" during the middle of Goldman's writing the screenplay. Nevertheless, they managed to complete the project.
Frank Tallman flew the air sequences using actual aircraft – not models. Waldo flew a Standard J-1 biplane. A lot of the other aircraft in the film, including Axel's and those of Dillhoefer's, were Curtiss JN-4 biplanes. A number of de Havilland Tiger Moth biplanes, modified to look like Curtiss JN-4s, were used for the crash scenes.
The Great Waldo Pepper was filmed in Elgin, Texas. Aerial sequences were filmed at Zuehl Airfield near San Antonio, which is not too far from Fort Sam Houston, where the pioneering silent aviation classic Wings was shot in 1926-27. Several aerial scenes were also filmed over the Sebring, Florida, Airport (also known for the 12 Hours of Sebring, a Le Mans-style endurance car race). Hill, who flew as a U.S. Marine Corps cargo pilot in World War II, made sure stars Bo Svenson and Robert Redford did each sequence with no parachutes or safety harnesses. He wanted them to feel what it was like to fly vintage aircraft. Fortunately, no one was hurt during the air scenes.

The Great Waldo Pepper opened to mixed to good reviews, with the biggest praise going to the film's aerial sequences. Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "'The Great Waldo Pepper' is a most appealing movie. Its moods don't quite mesh and its aerial sequences are so vivid— sometimes literally breathtaking— that they upstage the human drama, but the total effect is healthily romantic." Leonard Maltin noted that the film disappointed at the box office, and, although compared to earlier efforts such as The Sting (1973), it was director George Roy Hill's "more personal" account that "... wavers uncomfortably between slapstick and drama."
The aerial sequences staged by Frank Tallman included the climactic fight between Waldo Pepper and Kessler. The scene featuring a replica Sopwith Camel and a replica Fokker Triplane, was loosely patterned after a real dogfight between German ace Werner Voss and a flight of aircraft led by British ace James McCudden.
Due to the attention to period details and the use of actual aircraft in the flying scenes, The Great Waldo Pepper is well-regarded among aviation films, receiving a "four-star" rating by film and aviation historians Jack Hardwick and Ed Schnepf. Released in a number of home media formats, there are no extra features in the latest DVD.
Former silent screen actress Viola Dana was an honored guest at the premiere of The Great Waldo Pepper. In 1920, Dana had begun a relationship with Ormer "Lock" Locklear, a daring aviator, military veteran and budding film star, reputed to be the prototype for the character of Waldo Pepper. Locklear died when his aircraft crashed on August 2, 1920 during a nighttime film shoot for the Fox Studios feature, The Skywayman.

'De Groene Draeck' (The Green Dragon)

Here are some images of Authentic Models Holland's 1/24 scale Lemsteraak 'De Groene Draeck' (The Green Dragon).
I never understood the tendency of some model kit companies to name their company in English but everything else is in their own language in this case Dutch.
This kit being an older kit was more difficult than one one might come to expect. First the instructions were all in Dutch. Second the parts were only printed onto the wood and not lazer or stamp cut. So the parts had to be cut out by hand. Anyway it wasn't easy.

From Wikipedia"

 The lemsteraak is a traditional Frisian sailing ship. The design comes from Lemmer , developed from the Frisian fishery (suitable for the Frisian inland waters).
 The first lemsteraak of which drawings are, was built in 1876 by the shipyard De Boer from Lemmer.  Originally the barge was intended as a fishing vessel on the Wadden Sea and the Zuiderzee , in particular the part between Friesland and the head of North Holland. They mainly fished for herring, although the actual fishing with herring was done.  The barge was used for transport and storage of the fish, provided by a (covered) bun on the front deck, which could be up to 2.5 meters in size.  For its speed, the barge was also used for the transport of other (living) fish, mussel seed to Zeeland and mussels from Zeeland to Belgium (up to Brussels).  They were also used early in the 19th century to transport live eel to London , where the barges even had their own berth. 
 Soon the well-to-do bourgeoisie found out that the lemsteraak was perfectly suitable as a pleasure yacht. The bun disappeared and in its place came a cabin placed behind the mast, often with decorative carvings and stained-glass windows. As a yacht, the barge was sailed with three paid powers. In this time, at competitions, the crew can be up to 10 men to be able to maneuver quickly and change sails.  In the first instance, these were converted fishing boats, but in 1907 the first lemsteraak was built at De Boer Shipyard, which was built as a yacht: the Johanna , who is still sailing in a reasonably original state like the Orion . 
In the run up to the 21st century, racing sailing with lemsteraken has received a renewed interest. The existing ships were improved and new ships got more profitable hulls and rigging. Since 2002, the VA class organization has been set up specifically for racing sailing with lemster tasks. The class is recognized by the Watersportverbond. Every race ship has a TVF (time settlement factor). This TVF was completely renewed in 2010 by order of the VA class organization. TU Delft was involved in this. The purpose of the TVF is to give each ship an equal chance of victory. Partly due to the competition sailors, the yacht designers do a lot of research using wind tunnels and towing tanks . The predictive software also plays an important role in the new development. Since 2000, the lemsteraken with the lay-out of the fisherman in the competition field are again in full view and even have the upper hand. The current competition ships are on average longer than those of the last century (now most of the ships are 15 - 17 meters long) The large cockpit of the fisherman offers a competition crew (average 10 people strong) a lot of space and at least as important, the center of gravity is lower than that of the hunting tasks, which increases the sail-carrying capacity.
 The curve with the high head indicates that the barge did not shy away from the rough and fast flowing water of the Wadden Sea and surroundings. The barge is built in an egg-shaped round with the tip to the rear.  The plane is slightly curved and the deepest point is found, as is the largest width, near the mast.  From the beginning of the 20th century, the hull of the barges was built in iron / steel, the first decades were riveted, later welded. The round line both in the longitudinal and the width direction not only ensure the good sailing characteristics but are also responsible for the high price. It takes time, effort and craftsmanship to give a steel plate two curvatures. As a result, a lemesteraak is considerably more expensive than, for example, a chimney .
The mast originally had the same length as the ship. Meanwhile, the barges have convinced a considerably higher mast. The rudder is equipped with a click , on yachts often replaced by a gilded rudder lion or other artistic carvings. The ship is equipped with narrow long sea ​​seams . 
The swords are often adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the ship. The lateral point can therefore be moved. The wind / lee effect can thus be influenced. A characteristic feature of most of the new racing boats is that the continuous keel is missing and there has been carried out with hedges against the extension of the stern and stern to the underwater ship. Due to the lack of the continuous keel and the desired stiffness of the hull, the construction of rafters, girders and the like is heavier.
 The lemsteraak is rigged with a large mainsail on a curved fork with loose trousers, that is to say, it is not attached to the boom at all . As a predecessor one sails a fairly large jib and javelin and sometimes a halfwinder , called in the world of round and flat-bottomed hunters or mizzen . ^[1]
The position and length of the mast largely determine the ratios of jib and mainsail. Nowadays the mast stands at 40 - 45% of the ship's length and the length of the mast is approximately 1.5 times the length of the ship. For racing vessels, the sail width at the level of the fork may not exceed 48% of the length of the bottom. In that sense, the mainsails of modern ships have become narrower. At the same time, the lifting has been lengthened, as a result of which the mainsail has received a higher yield. The big breeding is actually a genoa and here too the longer lifting has changed the height: width ratio, resulting in a higher yield.
The halfwinder or hunter is fed flying at a single fall. The neck should be briefly fed on the jib tree. The halfwinder is not passed along a stag but completely free. Depending on the cut of the sail it is used at about 80 to 140 degrees to the wind or 110 to 180 degrees. The sail can not be used in the wind. In general, the halfwinder up to and including Bft4 is well-paid.
The mizzen, also called hunter, breadwinner, is also fed from half-wind quarters. A tree, with the function of the boom, is attached to the back house. The lap is brought to the cockpit via a block on the rudder.
Water sails are also used for cross-country courses. Under the boom and also under the jib.
 De Groene Draeck is a lemsteraak that was built from 1956 to 1957 in the shipbuilding hall of De Amsterdamsche Scheepswerf G. de Vries Lentsch Jr. in Amsterdam . The launch was on June 4, 1957, the transfer on June 15, 1957. The ship then has a ladies cabin for four people, a men's cabin for two persons and two spare berths in the saloon. The front deck is intended for the permanent crew of the ship and has a separate entrance to the deck.
During construction the ship is equipped with a water-cooled Perkins 6-cylinder diesel engine of 65 hp at 2000 rpm. In addition, an air-cooled Lister diesel, which drives a separate alternator for the power supply, in addition to the propeller shaft generator . A bronze bilge pump can also be connected there, which can also be used for deck cleaning. A large battery set has also been installed in the engine room. The ship is then provided with a carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installation, which appeals at 90 °. In addition to the three underwater line pumping toilets (a private toilet for the crew) there are five washbasins, which then all went to the outside water.
To save space in the cockpit, the ship does not have a tiller , but a steering wheel . The wood carving (more sculpture) around the cockpit is carved in relief from the teak by C. Bischoff . At the helm is a winged dragon , designed by Katinka van Rood , teacher sculpture of the princess. In addition to the stick anchor, there are also a ploughshare anchor and two cat anchors on board. The navigation lights could also burn petroleum at the time, in case the power on board would drop out.
 The idea of ​​offering the princess a ship was elaborated in a committee consisting of representatives of companies who practiced seafaring, coastal shipping, navigation, towage, inland shipping, fishing, etc., and representatives of the Royal Netherlands Navy , rescue, water sports. , in addition to people who were interested in water sports, but also mayors who at that time held major water sports centers. De Groene Draeck was presented to HKH Princess Beatrix by this Comité Varend Nederland on the occasion of her 18th birthday in 1956. The sailing number is VA 18.
At the delivery in Muiden a fleet inspection of an estimated 500 yachts and boats was held, in a row in the harbor and the access channel.
At present the property falls under the Crown Goods Foundation of the House Oranje-Nassau which aims to promote that descendants of HM Queen Wilhelmina in the exercise of the Royal dignity have access to the necessary or desired movable physical matters. Upon liquidation of the foundation, the cases are transferred to the descendants who, according to the law, are their heirs. Director of the foundation is the Bearer of the Crown. The transfer of ownership appears to have happened tacitly around the throne . n 2007 there was a discussion about the maintenance costs of De Groene Draeck . In August of that year they always appeared to have been charged to the Ministry of Defense . In 2005 and 2006, these costs amounted to € 416,000. A new comparable ship costs € 800,000 to € 2,500,000 and maintenance is normally 50,000 to 70,000 euros per year. At the beginning of September 2007, the Ministry of Defense announced that it will continue to maintain and operate this ship, because this was promised when the national gift was offered.
On 11 May 2010, it was announced that Queen Beatrix would still pay a large part of the maintenance itself. She paid the extra maintenance for two years. The costs were estimated at € 326,000. 
Following questions from MP Pechtold , Prime Minister Rutte reported at the end of September 2015 that from 2010 to 2015, € 223,000 more was spent on maintenance than expected. And moreover that for the coming years the budgeted € 51,000 per year will not be spent, but € 95,000 
RTL Nieuws revealed in February 2016 that the maintenance costs for years stood for around 50,000 euros in the annual financial reports, but that in reality the costs were more than double each year. Prime Minister Rutte would have structurally incorrectly informed the House of Representatives about this. 
 

Yokosuka K5Y Type 93 Intermediate Trainer (Willow)

Here are some images of Entex (Nitto molds) 1/32 scale Yokosuka K5Y Type 93 Intermediate Trainer (Willow).

From Wikipedia"
The Yokosuka K5Y was a two-seat unequal-span biplane trainer (Allied reporting name: "Willow") that served in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Due to its bright orange paint scheme (applied to all Japanese military trainers for visibility), it earned the nickname "aka-tombo", or "red dragonfly", after a type of insect common throughout Japan.
A K5Y of the Kamikaze Special Attack Corps 3rd Ryuko Squadron was credited with sinking the destroyer USS Callaghan on July 29, 1945, the last US warship lost to kamikaze attack during the war.
 The aircraft was based on the Yokosuka Navy Type 91 Intermediate Trainer, but stability problems led to a redesign by Kawanishi in 1933. It entered service in 1934 as Navy Type 93 Intermediate Trainer K5Y1 with fixed tail-skid landing gear, and remained in use throughout the war. Floatplane types K5Y2 and K5Y3 were also produced. After the initial 60 examples by Kawanishi, production was continued by Watanabe (556 aircraft built), Mitsubishi (60), Hitachi (1,393), First Naval Air Technical Arsenal (75), Nakajima (24), Nippon (2,733), and Fuji (896), for a total of 5,770. These aircraft were the mainstay of Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service's flight training, and as intermediate trainers, they were capable of performing demanding aerobatic maneuvers. Two further land-based versions, the K5Y4 with a 358 kW (480 hp) Amakaze 21A engine and the K5Y5 with a 384 kW (515 hp) Amakaze 15, were projected but never built.
 Indonesian People's Security Force (the precursor of Indonesian Air Force) operated derelict aircraft against Dutch colonial rule. On July 29 1947, Indonesia using 2 units of Yokosuka K5Y (Called "Cureng/Churen" by Indonesian fighters) with one "Guntei Bomber" (Mitsubishi Ki-51 from Maguwo Air Force Base, Yogyakarta for bombing Dutch strategic positions in Ambarawa, Salatiga and Semarang. On its original plan, Nakajima Ki-43 "Hayabusa" also planned to be involved too in this operation, but cancelled as the aircraft suffered technical difficulties. It is currently on display at Jakarta.

Happy Easter Everyone!

The Disciples Peter and John Running to Sepulcher on the Morning of the Resurrection, circa 1898 by Eugene Burnand.

HAL 9000

Here are some images of Arsenal Models/ Scratch Build 1/1 scale model of the HAL 9000 Computer face plate from the movie 2001 a space odyssey.
The one problem I found with the Arsenal kit is that it was more in line with the HAL 9000 face plate from 2010 odyssey 2 including the label. I want the one from 2001.
So using the extensive information provided by AP 333 on the RPF web site I was able to recreate a HAL 9000 more in keeping with 2001. It's not perfect due to the confines of the kit, but it's close.
The stand I got from the Revell Fock Wulf 190 kit. I also installed a cheap sound card as well, but as can be expected if you buy a cheap sound card the sound you get back is not very good.

From Wikipedia"
HAL 9000 is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series. First appearing in 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL (Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer) is a sentient computer (or artificial general intelligence) that controls the systems of the Discovery One spacecraft and interacts with the ship's astronaut crew. Part of HAL's hardware is shown towards the end of the film, but he is mostly depicted as a camera lens containing a red or yellow dot, instances of which are located throughout the ship. HAL 9000 is voiced by Douglas Rain in the two feature film adaptations of the Space Odyssey series. HAL speaks in a soft, calm voice and a conversational manner, in contrast to the crewmen, David Bowman and Frank Poole.
In the film 2001, HAL became operational on 12 January 1992 at the HAL Laboratories in Urbana, Illinois as production number 3. The activation year was 1991 in earlier screenplays and changed to 1997 in Clarke's novel written in conjunction with the movie. In addition to maintaining the Discovery One spacecraft systems during the interplanetary mission to Jupiter (or Saturn in the original novel, published shortly after the release of the film), HAL is capable of speech, speech recognition, facial recognition, natural language processing, lip reading, art appreciation, interpreting emotional behaviours, automated reasoning, and playing chess.

HAL became operational in Urbana, Illinois, at the HAL Plant (the University of Illinois' Coordinated Science Laboratory, where the ILLIAC computers were built). The film says this occurred in 1992, while the book gives 1997 as HAL's birth year.
In 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL is initially considered a dependable member of the crew, maintaining ship functions and engaging genially with its human crew-mates on an equal footing. As a recreational activity, Frank Poole plays against HAL in a game of chess. In the film the artificial intelligence is shown to triumph easily. However, as time progresses, HAL begins to malfunction in subtle ways and, as a result, the decision is made to shut down HAL in order to prevent more serious malfunctions. The sequence of events and manner in which HAL is shut down differs between the novel and film versions of the story. In the aforementioned game of chess HAL makes minor and undetected mistakes in his analysis, a possible foreshadowing to HAL's malfunctioning.
In the film, astronauts David Bowman and Frank Poole consider disconnecting HAL's cognitive circuits when he appears to be mistaken in reporting the presence of a fault in the spacecraft's communications antenna. They attempt to conceal what they are saying, but are unaware that HAL can read their lips. Faced with the prospect of disconnection, HAL decides to kill the astronauts in order to protect and continue its programmed directives, and to conceal its malfunction from Earth. HAL uses one of the Discovery's EVA pods to kill Poole while he is repairing the ship. When Bowman uses another pod to attempt to rescue Poole, HAL locks him out of the ship, then disconnects the life support systems of the other hibernating crew members. Bowman circumvents HAL's control, entering the ship by manually opening an emergency airlock with his service pod's clamps, detaching the pod door via its explosive bolts. Bowman jumps across empty space, reenters Discovery, and quickly re-pressurizes the airlock.
The novel explains that HAL is unable to resolve a conflict between his general mission to relay information accurately, and orders specific to the mission requiring that he withhold from Bowman and Poole the true purpose of the mission. (This withholding is considered essential after the findings of a psychological experiment, "Project Barsoom", where humans were made to believe that there had been alien contact. In every person tested, a deep-seated xenophobia was revealed, which was unknowingly replicated in HAL's constructed personality. Mission Control did not want the crew of Discovery to have their thinking compromised by the knowledge that alien contact was already real.) With the crew dead, HAL reasons, he would not need to lie to them.
In the novel, the orders to disconnect HAL come from Dave and Frank's superiors on Earth. After Frank is killed while attempting to repair the communications antenna he is pulled away into deep space using the safety tether which is still attached to both the pod and Frank Poole's spacesuit. Dave begins to revive his hibernating crew mates, but is foiled when HAL vents the ship's atmosphere into the vacuum of space, killing the awakening crew members and almost killing Bowman, who is only narrowly saved when he finds his way to an emergency chamber which has its own oxygen supply and a spare space suit inside.
In both versions, Bowman then proceeds to shut down the machine. In the film, HAL's central core is depicted as a crawlspace full of brightly lit computer modules mounted in arrays from which they can be inserted or removed. Bowman shuts down HAL by removing modules from service one by one; as he does so, HAL's consciousness degrades. HAL reverts to material that was programmed into him early in his memory, including announcing the date he became operational as 12 January 1992 (in the novel, 1997). When HAL's logic is completely gone, he begins singing the song "Daisy Bell" (in actuality, the first song sung by a computer). HAL's final act of any significance is to prematurely play a prerecorded message from Mission Control which reveals the true reasons for the mission to Jupiter.

Clarke noted that the film 2001 was criticized for not having any characters, except for HAL and that a great deal of the establishing story on Earth was cut from the film (and even from Clarke's novel). Early drafts of Clarke's story called the computer Socrates (a preferred name to Autonomous Mobile Explorer–5), with another draft giving the computer a female personality called Athena. This name was later used in Clarke and Stephen Baxter's A Time Odyssey novel series.
The earliest draft depicted Socrates as a roughly humanoid robot, and is introduced as overseeing Project Morpheus, which studied prolonged hibernation in preparation for long term space flight. As a demonstration to Senator Floyd, Socrates' designer, Dr. Bruno Forster, asks Socrates to turn off the oxygen to hibernating subjects Kaminski and Whitehead, which Socrates refuses, citing Asimov's First Law of Robotics.
In a later version, in which Bowman and Whitehead are the non-hibernating crew of Discovery, Whitehead dies outside the spacecraft after his pod collides with the main antenna, tearing it free. This triggers the need for Bowman to revive Poole, but the revival does not go according to plan, and after briefly awakening, Poole dies. The computer, now named Athena, announces "All systems of Poole now No–Go. It will be necessary to replace him with a spare unit." After this, Bowman decides to go out in a pod and retrieve the antenna, which is moving away from the ship. Athena refuses to allow him to leave the ship, citing "Directive 15" which prevents it from being left unattended, forcing him to make program modifications during which time the antenna drifts further.
During rehearsals Kubrick asked Stefanie Powers to supply the voice of HAL 9000 while searching for a suitably androgynous voice so the actors had something to react to. On the set, British actor Nigel Davenport played HAL. When it came to dubbing HAL in post-production, Kubrick had originally cast Martin Balsam, but as he felt Balsam "just sounded a little bit too colloquially American", he was replaced with Douglas Rain, who "had the kind of bland mid-Atlantic accent we felt was right for the part." Rain was only handed HAL's lines instead of the full script, and recorded them across a day and a half.
HAL's point of view shots were created with a Cinerama 160-degree Fairchild-Curtis wide-angle lens. This lens is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter, while HAL's prop eye lens is about 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter. Stanley Kubrick chose to use the large Fairchild-Curtis lens to shoot the HAL 9000 POV shots because he needed a wide-angle fisheye lens that would fit onto his shooting camera, and this was the only lens at the time that would work. The HAL 9000 face plate, without lens, was discovered in a junk shop in Paddington, London, in the early 1970s by Chris Randall. Research revealed that the original lens was a Nikon Nikkor 8mm F8. This was found along with the key to HAL's Brain Room. Both items were purchased for ten shillings (£0.50). The collection was sold at a Christies auction in 2010 for £17,500 to film director Peter Jackson.
HAL's name, according to writer Arthur C. Clarke, is derived from Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer. After the film was released fans noticed HAL was a one-letter shift from the name IBM and there has been much speculation since that this was a dig at the large computer company, something that has been denied by both Clarke and 2001 director Stanley Kubrick. Clarke addressed the issue in his book The Lost Worlds of 2001:

...about once a week some character spots the fact that HAL is one letter ahead of IBM, and promptly assumes that Stanley and I were taking a crack at the estimable institution ... As it happened, IBM had given us a good deal of help, so we were quite embarrassed by this, and would have changed the name had we spotted the coincidence.

IBM was consulted during the making of the film and their logo can be seen on props in the film including Pan Am Clipper's cockpit instrument panel and on the lower arm keypad on Poole's space suit. During production it was brought to IBM's attention that the film's plot included a homicidal computer but they approved association with the film if it was clear any "equipment failure" was not related to their products.

The scene in which HAL's consciousness degrades was inspired by Clarke's memory of a speech synthesis demonstration by physicist John Larry Kelly, Jr., who used an IBM 704 computer to synthesize speech. Kelly's voice recorder synthesizer vocoder recreated the song "Daisy Bell", with musical accompaniment from Max Mathews.
HAL's capabilities, like all the technology in 2001, were based on the speculation of respected scientists. Marvin Minsky, director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and one of the most influential researchers in the field, was an adviser on the film set. In the mid-1960s, many computer scientists in the field of artificial intelligence were optimistic that machines with HAL's capabilities would exist within a few decades. For example, AI pioneer Herbert A. Simon at Carnegie Mellon University, had predicted in 1965 that "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do", the overarching premise being that the issue was one of computational speed (which was predicted to increase) rather than principle.

HAL is listed as the 13th-greatest film villain in the AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains.
The 9000th of the asteroids in the asteroid belt, 9000 Hal discovered on May 3, 1981 by E. Bowell, at Anderson Mesa Station, is named after HAL 9000.
HAL was featured in a guest role in the game LEGO Dimensions, where he is summoned by the player in the Portal 2 level to distract GLaDOS.

Sopwith Camel F.1

Here are some more images of Hasegawa's 1/16 scale Sopwith Camel F.1 frame model.
Just doing some more experiments with dark backgrounds. I find them to be more difficult to work with than white backgrounds but they give a warmer feel to the pictures I think.

From Wikipedia"
The Sopwith Camel was a British First World War single-seat biplane fighter introduced on the Western Front in 1917. Manufactured by Sopwith Aviation Company, it had a short-coupled fuselage, heavy, powerful rotary engine, and concentrated fire from twin synchronized machine guns. Though difficult to handle, to an experienced pilot it provided unmatched manoeuvrability. A superlative fighter, the Camel was credited with shooting down 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied fighter of the war. It also served as a ground-attack aircraft, especially near the end of the conflict, when it was outclassed in the air-to-air role by newer fighters.
ntended as a replacement for the Sopwith Pup, the Camel prototype was first flown by Harry Hawker at Brooklands on 22 December 1916, powered by a 110 hp Clerget 9Z. Known as the "Big Pup" early on in its development, the biplane design was structurally conventional for its time, featuring a box-like fuselage structure, an aluminium engine cowling, plywood-covered panels around the cockpit, and fabric-covered fuselage, wings and tail. For the first time on an operational British-designed fighter, two .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns were mounted directly in front of the cockpit, firing forward through the propeller disc with synchronisation gear. A metal fairing over the gun breeches, intended to protect the guns from freezing at altitude, created a "hump" that led to the name Camel. The bottom wing was rigged with 3° dihedral but the top wing had no dihedral, so that the gap between the wings was less at the tips than at the roots. This was done at the suggestion of Fred Sigrist, the Sopwith works manager, in order to simplify construction. Approximately 5,490 Camels were built.
Unlike the preceding Pup and Triplane, the Camel was generally considered difficult to fly. The type owed its extreme manoeuvrability and its difficult handling to the close placement of the engine, pilot, guns and fuel tank (some 90% of the weight of the aircraft) within the front seven feet of the aircraft, coupled with the strong gyroscopic effect of the rotary engine. The Camel soon gained an unfortunate reputation with student pilots. The Clerget engine was particularly sensitive to fuel mixture control and incorrect settings often caused the engine to choke and cut out during take-off. Many crashed due to mishandling on take-off when a full fuel tank affected the centre of gravity. In level flight, the Camel was markedly tail-heavy. Unlike the Sopwith Triplane, the Camel lacked a variable incidence tailplane, so that the pilot had to apply constant forward pressure on the control stick to maintain a level attitude at low altitude. The aircraft could also be rigged so that at higher altitudes it was able to be flown "hands off." A stall immediately resulted in a particularly dangerous spin.


The type entered squadron service in June 1917 with No. 4 Squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service, near Dunkirk. The following month, it became operational with No. 70 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps. By February 1918, 13 squadrons were fully equipped with the Camel.
The Camel proved to have a good margin of superiority over the Albatros D.III and D.V and offered heavier armament and better performance than the Pup and Triplane. In the hands of an experienced pilot, its manoeuvrability was unmatched by any contemporary type. Its controls were light and sensitive. The Camel turned rather slowly to the left, which resulted in a nose up attitude due to the torque of the rotary engine. But the engine torque also resulted in the ability to turn to the right in half the time of other fighters, although that resulted in more of a tendency towards a nose down attitude from the turn. Because of the faster turning capability to the right, to change heading 90° to the left, many pilots preferred to do it by turning 270° to the right.
Agility in combat made the Camel one of the best-remembered Allied aircraft of the First World War. RFC crew used to joke that it offered the choice between "a wooden cross, the Red Cross, or a Victoria Cross" Together with the S.E.5a and the SPAD S.XIII, the Camel helped to establish the Allied aerial superiority that lasted well into 1918.
Major William Barker's Sopwith Camel (serial no. B6313, the aircraft in which he scored the majority of his victories,) became the most successful fighter aircraft in the history of the RAF, shooting down 46 aircraft and balloons from September 1917 to September 1918 in 404 operational hours flying. It was dismantled in October 1918. Barker kept the dashboard watch as a memento, but was asked to return it the following day.
 An important role for the Camel was home defence. The RNAS flew a number of Camels from Eastchurch and Manston airfields against daylight raids by German Gotha bombers from July 1917. The public outcry against these raids and the poor response of London's defences resulted in the RFC diverting Camel deliveries from France to home defence, with 44 Squadron RFC reforming on the Camel in the home defence role in July 1917. When the Germans switched to night attacks, the Camel proved capable of being safely flown at night, and the home defence aircraft were modified with navigation lights to serve as night fighters. A number of Camels were more extensively modified as night fighters, with the Vickers machine guns being replaced by overwing Lewis guns, with the cockpit being moved rearwards so the pilot could easily reload the guns. This modification, which became known as the "Sopwith Comic" allowed the guns to be fired without affecting the night vision of the pilots, and allowed the use of new and more effective incendiary ammunition that was considered unsafe to fire from synchronised Vickers guns. By March 1918, the home defence squadrons were equipped with the Camel, with seven home defence squadrons flying Camels by August 1918. Camels were also used as night fighters over the Western Front, with 151 Squadron intercepting German night raids over the front, and carrying out night intruder missions against German airstrips, claiming 26 German aircraft shot down in five months of operations.

By mid-1918, the Camel was becoming limited, especially as a day fighter, by its slow speed and comparatively poor performance at altitudes over 12,000 ft (3,650 m). However, it remained useful as a ground-attack and infantry support aircraft. During the German offensive of March 1918, flights of Camels harassed the advancing German Army, inflicting high losses (and suffering high losses in turn) through the dropping of 25 lb (11 kg) Cooper bombs and ultra-low-level strafing. The protracted development of the Camel's replacement, the Sopwith Snipe, meant that the Camel remained in service until the Armistice.
In summer 1918, a 2F.1 Camel (N6814) was used in trials as a parasite fighter under Airship R23